2.
   2021
/  

[ (i):     ]
(   )
: 3     :80
:    -    ,        
             
1.          
2.          
3.     
4.    ""      
  ?
5.          
6.         ?     
7.          
8.   '    
2.
   2021
/  

[ (i):     ]
(   )
: 3     :80
:    -    ,        
             
1.          
:󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼-: 
   ?
  
  ,  -    ,   
    ,  
            
 :             
; 
   ,  ,  ,       
  
󹺔󹺒󹺓  ?
     
   
        , 
      
  , 
     ,     
      :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔"   "
       
󷄧󼿒 :
2.
        
       
     

, ,    ,      
 
󹵙󹵚󹵛󹵜   :
     
    
󼩼󼩽󼩾󼪀󼩿  :
    :
            100°C '  
   - 
     :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔"      ' 100°C '  "
     
   -      
   
󹘊󹘋󹘀󹘁󹘂󹘃󹘄󹘅󹘆󹘇󹘈󹘌󹘍󹘎󹘏󹘉 :
              ,  

   :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔"      "
 , 
-          
󼩏󼩐󼩑,   ?
   ,       - 
     
 
     
  ,  ,          
   
󷄧󼿒 :
        
      
   
2.
󹵙󹵚󹵛󹵜   :
     
    '  
󷖤󷖥󷖦 :
 :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔"   "
 :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔"   "
:
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔" ,   "
,         
       
  
󺡒󺡓󺡔󺡕󺡖󺡗󺡘󺡙󺡚󺡛-  :
 :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔"     "
 :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔"    "
:
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔"     "
   
; 
     
    
󷄧󹹯󹹰    

  :
   
 
     
       :󷄧󷄫     2 
    
          

2.
         
󷄧󷅦󷅧    
        '  
󷄧󷄫  
:
     
:
     
󷄧󷄬  
:
  , 100%  

? 
 
   '   
     
: 
         -          
 ?
            

:
   ,         ,      
 
󷄧󷄭  
:
,       '
:
 ,  ,     ' 
2.
󷄧󷄮   
:
       
       
      
:
    
      
      
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸   ( )


     
      
      
      
   '
   '
  
  
     
    
󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌      
         :

    ( )
       (  )
      :
       ( )

       ( )
      ,    
  ,     
󷚚󷚜󷚛
2.
         
      ,          
  
      -        
 '  
      ,             
 ,     ,       
      
       ,    ,
        
2.          
:󹼌󹼍󹼎󹼏󹼐       
   
              
 
     ,     ', 
  
 : "
        
         " 
  
 -     '    ,  -  
     
               
,
          ,   , 
     , ,      
            
 
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸   ?
             
    , ,       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: "          
     "     
    (
 )           
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
                   
   :
1.  
2.
      
 -         ,
"        ,   "󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: "  
  "       
2.   
                
 
      󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: "     , 
   "        '     
3.     '
     
    , ,    
 󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:            
 
4.   
              
  ,    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: "      " 
 
  ,       

5.   
     ,  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: "  

 "        : "    
    
 "
6.   
    '         -   , 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: "    '      "
7.      
     '        
             
󼩺󼩻    
       
     ,    
           
1. 
2.
     '         
 󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: "      "   ,  
  : "       
 
 "
2. 
            
 
,    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: “        
  ,     
3.    
         ,     
      󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:    50°C '    
         
4. 
              
     󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: "      
 
  "    
5. 
           󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:  
   ,         
6. 
          
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: "              "
7. 
                ' 
  󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: "      "    
8.  
2.
     '         
        󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: "8    
          "
9. 
               
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: "   "    
        

10.   
           
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:   '          
   
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
                
  ,         : "    
 ?"
   
 : "      
       "
    (, , ),  (  
  ),  (  ' ),   (  
)
             
  ,          
,    
      
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
    
      
     
      
    

 
    ,         
󷇮󷇭 
2.
            , 
 ,         ,  , ,
, ,       
               - 
    '  ,        ,     
         
3.     
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌   ?
   ( ),       : :
1.    
2.    
3.  ,   
                    

     ,   -    , 
               - 
 
 - " "    -    -  
    (), ,        
  (   )      
   ,           :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔"   "

  , "
      
 '  
?"  
     '  
󽆤    
    :
󷄧󷄫 ()󷄧󷄬 ()󷄧󷄭 (     )
󷄧󷄮 (      ) 󷄰󷄯 ()
2.
   -    ' 
󷄧󷄫  
    ,  
   ,  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔"   "
, 
    
   
; 
     

 
     : "      '  "
     : "
    ?"
  ,    '  
󷄧󷄬
           
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔"
  '   "
    
     '       
   , 

  '      
     : "    
      "
        ?     ?  ?    ,  
     
󷄧󷄭 
 
           -      '
   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔"     ,    ,       "
                 
,             
2.
      : " '   
    ;      , 
 ,   "
      ...      :
"
          '   ?"
      
󷄧󷄮
 
    '   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔"    ,             "
                
  
  ',           
󷄰󷄯
 , 
        
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔" ,    "
       , --,    
       :
󷄧󷄫:    󷄧󷄬 : 
       󷄧󷄭:    
 ,   ,   󷄧󷄮:  '      
󷄰󷄯:  ,    
   
 -     
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸       
?
         :
2.
󽆤
󽆤  
󽆤-
 -   ,   -    
  :
   '   
   
     
      
     
 , ,  ,        
󼩏󼩐󼩑     
      
        
 
 
󷄧󷄫   
 
  
         ,   ' 
 ,  
         
󷄧󷄬    
  ,             
   
󷄧󷄭    
 , ,  ,         -  
 
󷄧󷄮 
                
    
󷡉󷡊󷡋󷡌󷡍󷡎  
2.
    :
 


  (  )
  ,   ,          
 
󷄧󼿒 
              :
󷄧󷄫  
    󷄧󷄬   󷄧󷄭     4
     5      
     : " '   
        
,    (  ) 
  '     ,    '  "
         
    
 
 -   ,         
4.    ""      
  ?
:󹺖󹺗󹺕   :   
   
               

  
,  
  : "   ,      "
     -  
  ( )   
   ()   -
   ,     
  (   ) ,       (  
)        
    
 ,    
            
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸  
     :
2.

=  

=   
 ,      "     
 "  "  
  
 "      
        
    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :        
            (    
)       
         
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
        ,      
    :
1.  ():
   
2.   ():
          
 
3.  ():
          : "
  "
 ,       ,    
     
  
󼩺󼩻     
       '  -   
      -- 
1.      '
      '      :
()   (    )
, 
   '    
 󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:    ,

 
   
   , 
 
()   (    )
2.
, 
   '    
 󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:    
, 
 
      
      , 


()   (   )
,    -      '  󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:
    , 
  
        
 
   
2.      '
      ,   '         
 :
()  (  )
    , 
      󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: 
 '         '       
()  (  )
       ,       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:   ,
  : " '   
    , 
    ,   "
3.    
            ,   - 
  (    )    :
1.  ():"   "
2.  ():"
    "
3.  ():"     ,    ,   "
4.  ():"    ,      "
5.  ():" ,    "
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 -     
        
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
          ,      
     :
 1 ():"    "
2.
 2 ():"
      "
 3 ():"     ,   ,   "
  ():"         "
 5 ():" ,    "
             
    
   
 -       
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
    :          
      :-     
   :         
 ,      
   :        
  
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃   
   '        
      ,
      :
1.  ():   ()
2.  ():  ( )
3.  ( ):  (      )
4.  (   ):  ()
5.  ( ):    (     
)
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔      ,       
,   
()     
󷇮󷇭 
     ""          
,             
  
   ,        
          
 
        ,     ,  
,          
 -      
 
2.
5.          
: 
   ,      ,  , 
         ,    
    ,          ,      
               
      
󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌  ?
              
      ,           :
,      '    ?
    
  ?
     ,       ?
           :
      
    '   
     '   
   , ,      '   
                 
             ,    
  
󷇮󷇭   
  ' 
       ,      
    ,          ,     
 
 :
             
 ,    
 ,       
        
    
 
      
 ,     '   
  
2.
    
          
              
󷊆󷊇  ?
             
    
      -  
  -    ,    ,    -   
           
  ',      '   :

     
 

     
 ,         ,      
    
󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌    
                  
 '     
             
󷄧󷄫   '     
 
 
, 
       
; 
    
 '   :
  
  
  
     
   
   ,           
     ,         
󷄧󷄬  
 ,   
 
2.
   '         
:
       
      
  
   
   :
        '  ?
            ?
        ?
             
󷄧󷄭       
              
 
      :
 -        
       
      
    
         
 ,      
 
 "- "   ,      ,   
     
󷄧󷄮       
           
    
 ,      
   
 : "          
      "
        ,   :
     
  
2.
        
   :
       
-   
  
 
   
󷄰󷄯         
             ' 

 :
    
    
   
    
     
  
      
            
  
󷇰󷇯      
?
       :
 
 
  
   
  
 
     
;     
:
        
      
       
 
2.
      
 
            ,  
      
󷊻󷊼󷊽
               
     
         
              ,    
           
               
 ,       ,      

    ,       
  ,   

        
   ,     -   ,  
        
 -   '    
           , 
 
     ,        
6.         ?     
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌       
   
        
  '   
,  
  ,         '    
             
 :  
    
 -     ,        
      '             
      '       --  
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸      
  ,        ( )    ,  
   ( ) 
2.
     ,       
  (  ) - , , ,    -      

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:      ,         
   ,     ()     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  ( )
    
-     :
1.  ():, ,      
 
2.  (): 
  , , 
3.  (): 
 ,  ,   
4.  ():  
  -  ,  ,   
5.  (): 
  -  , ,   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   ,               
  
 ;      
󼩺󼩻:     
,    ,   '        
   (-)    :  (),  (),   ( +
)
  ,       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:  ,  ()   ,        
      ,  ( + )   ,      
     
 
               

󷈴󷈶󷈵    
    '            :
  :               
:    ,         

 :        ,   
  
2.
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:               
 (  )       
󼗺󼗻󼗼󼗽󼗾󼗿󼘀󼘌󼘍󼘁󼘂󼘃󼘄󼘅󼘆󼘇󼘈󼘉󼘊󼘋:     
     ""  
       ,  
 
      :
 ():      ,  ,  
 ( ):     ()   
:       
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:  
 (  )    ,  
   
,         
󷇮󷇭     
        
 -      
      
  ( )   
     (    )
        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:    , "   ,  
  "   
     
 
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
    ,           

,          ,       ,
      ,           
   
 :
  
    
         
   '    -,       ,   
 ,          
      
     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 
2.
  -      
   ,    
    
 -    
   , 
     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:  ,  (),  (),   ()   
,           
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃 
   ,          ,  
     
          
           
 
,     
       
   
󷇮󷇭 
   ,      - 
 -     

            
  ,         
    '   ,        
 ,  
    ,  
     
    
 :     ,      
7.          
:            -     , ,
, ,           
      
      ,    '          
     -          
    ,     
     
 ,            
  -        
2.
1.   ():     
                  
       
     ,           
       '     
       
         :
      
  (      )
  (      )
   
 ,    
   
     
       ,       , ,  
       ,      
  
  ,  '   ,        ,  
        
 ,       
    =    ,
   =    
2.   ( ):    
 
            
   
,      
      
,  ,
,               
 ,  :
   

 
   
 
   
2.
            ,   

         ,     
   
,  , , ,      ,  
           , -19  
        ,         :  
   ,   ;      ,    
3. :          
           '         
  (   )   (    )   
       :
   ,      
     ,  
 
 
 ?
     
    
      
     
, ,     
,  ,     
           
 ,          ,     
                  
,      , ,       
 
            ,  
    
4.   
         
      
      ,      ,    
 ,               , 
     
2.
,    ,  ,       
              '    , 
        
 ,         -     
   
5.    
           , , , ,
        '    ,  
  :
    
 
    
     
   
 
      
           ,       
         
6.   
          -     :
 
   
  
   
    
- ,  ,     
     ,  
'            ,   
    '     
7.  
           ,   
    , 
           
               
2.
   :
  
     
      
     
 , -    ,     '   ,  
  , ,      '     
    
8.  
            :
         
            
   
  
     
 
        
 ,         

    
;   ,  , , , ,  
                  
   ,          ,     
     ,          

              -
  , , ,          
       
2.
8.   '    
: 󼿨󼿩󼿪󼿬󼿫 :   
                 
  ,              
 ,          
      
   
 -          ,     
   
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸   ?
     ,         
 
   :
     
           
          -  
         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  :             
        
󷇮󷇭 
   ,       
1945 ,    ,        '
      -    ,     
   
  ,         ,    
    '       (MAD)   
        
 ,    ,  
    
     ,     
 ,   -  
, , , , , ,       - 
  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  
       

 -    
     
󹼌󹼍󹼎󹼏󹼐   
            :
2.
 :       
  :      ,  -     
 
:          
    
 :  ,    
 ,   
   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   ,      
 -       
 
󼩺󼩻   
         -    
1.  
          
       
   (    )     
  
                 
 
2.  
      
           
-        
               
    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:            
3.   
     


 ,   ,         

  " "        
  
2.
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: 1983 ,            
  ,        
4.   - 
             
 " " (        ) 
       
        
5.    
     
 -        
      
  (  '            )
            
             
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘  
                 
         ,         
            
 -     

       ,          : "
            ?"   
      -          ,   
 '
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
     
      :
: -  (NPT)        
 
 :   
      
 :    (IAEA)   
  
 :           


2.
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 ,      
        
    
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃
      :
 ,      
     
 ,              
             
 
󷇮󷇭 
     
 -         , , ,
,           
 ( )      ,     
  
          
 ,  
     , 
       
      :           
         
"              
 
       ,       
 "